![Algeria - Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria.
Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah - [Al Jaza'ir]](Algeria_files/dzf.gif)
The Country & People of Algeria
The Country & People of Algeria
History
The earliest known inhabitants of the region that is now
Algeria were Berber-speaking nomads who were settled there by the 2d millennium
BC As Numidia, it became (9th cent. BC) a province of Carthage and then (106 BC)
of Rome; during the Christian era, St. was bishop at Hippo (now Annaba). With
Rome's decline in the 5th cent. AD, Algeria was conquered by the Vandals
(430–31), the Byzantine Empire (6th cent.), and finally, in the late 7th and
early 8th cent., by the Arabs, whose introduction of Islam profoundly altered
the character of the area.
Spain captured the coastal cities in the 15th
cent. but was expelled (mid-16th cent.) with the help of the Ottoman Turks, who
assumed control. During this period the Algerian coast was a stronghold of
pirates and a center of the slave trade. France invaded Algeria in 1830 and
declared it a colony in 1848. Europeans began to arrive in large numbers,
dominating the government and the economy, and leaving the native Muslim
population with scant political or economic power.
A nationalist movement
began to develop after World War I, and a war for independence, led by the
National Liberation Front (FLN), broke out in 1954. After more than seven years
of bitter fighting, in which at least 100,000 Muslim and 10,000 French soldiers
were killed, Algeria became independent on July 3, 1962.
Since independence,
Algeria has been a prominent nonaligned state and a champion of the movements
against white minority rule in Africa. It also has supported the protracted
struggle of the Polisario Front for the independence of Western Sahara (formerly
Spanish Sahara) from Morocco. Ahmed Ben Bella, prime minister and then president
of Algeria after independence, was deposed by Houari Boumedienne in 1965. After
Boumedienne's death (1978), Chadli Benjedid succeeded (1979) him as president.
Riots in 1988 led Pres. Benjedid to reduce the role of the state economically
and of the FLN politically.
After Islamic fundamentalists won 42% of the
seats in the first round of parliamentary elections in Dec. 1991, the army
forced Benjedid to resign (1992) and canceled the election. A civilian-led state
council was installed, but real power resided with the army. The fundamentalist
party was banned and its leaders arrested. Fundamentalists launched a guerrilla
insurrection, and Algeria was torn by violence from both sides.
In 1994 Gen.
Liamine Zeroual, the defense minister, was appointed president, replacing the
state council; he won a presidential election the following year. Zeroual
resigned early in 1999 and presidential elections held in Apr., 1999, were won
by Abdelaziz Bouteflika, the candidate of the military oligarchy; the opposition
candidates had withdrawn before the vote. One of the main guerrilla groups
renounced its struggle against the government in June 1999; however, other
groups continued to wage war. By mid-1999, 100,000 people had been killed in the
violence and repression that began in 1992. Under an amnesty approved in Sept.
1999, 80% of the Islamic guerrillas surrendered to the government by the
mid-Jan. 2000 deadline, and the violence has since greatly diminished. The
easing of the fighting has brought such issues as government corruption and
widespread poverty and unemployment (estimated at 30%) to the fore. In addition,
in 2001 there were large demonstrations and clashes with police by Berbers, who
remained deeply unhappy about Arabic’s status as the sole national language, a
policy that was reversed the following year. Berber protests also sparked
demonstrations against the country’s stagnant economy by non-Berber Algerians.
Parliamentary elections in May, 2002, were boycotted by a number of major
opposition parties and many voters, and the FLN won more than half the
seats.
French president Jacques Chirac made a state visit to Algeria in Mar.,
2003; it was the first such visit since Algerian independence. Two months later
a strong earthquake devastated many towns east of the capital, killing more than
2,200 people. The ineffective official response to the disaster led to public
outrage and widespread criticism of the government. Late in 2003, tensions
between the president and Ali Benflis, the FLN party leader and a former prime
minister, led to a split in the government and within the party. Bouteflika was
returned to office in Apr., 2004, in an election that observers called Algeria’s
fairest to date, but the vote for Bouteflika (83%) led Benflis, his main
opponent, to accuse the government of massive fraud.
About....
General information, cities, towns, municipalities, places, flag, maps, useful
Information....
Business
Economy, reports, statistics, banks, directories, jobs, investment,
promotion....
Culture
General resources, heritage, art, literature, photography,
cinema, music, song, dance, cultural,
scientific,
environmental, sporting entities & info....
Education
Schools, colleges, academies, universities, polytechnics, institutions,
research, resources, projects....
History
Ancient & modern history, human rights, politics &
political parties, related sites, articles....
Media
Newspapers, magazines, news, newsletters, news
agencies, radio, TV, internet, articles, reports, cartoons....
Organizations
Government, ministries, overseas missions, embassies, corporations,
organizations, industrial entities,
centers,
public hospitals, institutions, societies, foreign entities....
Travel
Airlines, air, sea & coach charters services,
travel, tours, guides, hotels, resorts, inns, hostels,
health,
travel tips, weather....
Gateways
Gateways, search engines and directories to country related sites and
information....
Arab
Countries Arab World: Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional
information. Resources to other Arab countries....
Links
Page For personal pages, private
companies & entities, un-categorized and other sites. Add link or view
means 5 languages other
than English or Arabic
means it is
available in Arabic only and + is available in
Arabic and English
Mon beau pays
perdu!
History, country, population....
Cities, Towns, Municipalities & Places
The
Ksar, photos, Other Algerian towns....
Ou cirta est une
ville digne d'être classee parmi les merveilles du monde
Vous trouverez
ici l'histoire du Village et de ses Habitants
Architecture, Institutions, Mozabite women, photos....
News, weather, links....
L'antique
Theveste, importante ville romaine
MZab Valley -
Each of the villages is laid out in a series of concentric circles extending
from the mosque to the ramparts
Flag, Maps, Emblems and other information....
Market watch,
currency, tenders, economic news....
The most
comprehensive database: statistical, economic and social
Banks
General mission
to contribute to the development of the economic activity in Algeria
Investment
Banking
Directories, Job Opportunities
Investment & Promotion....
Enterprise, history, photos....
The first
capital corporation investment in Algeria
La reference de
la gastronomie algerienne
Art, Literature, Photography, Cinema....
Journalist, novelist, play writer....
Paintings by Layachi Hamidouche
L'art Berbere
Mosques, minarets, ramparts and towers
Theatre
A beautiful
collection of pictures of the cities and the villages of Algeria
Sea, complex, sahara, mountains Music, Song & Dance....
Cultural, Scientific, Environmental, Sporting Entities & Info
Literary and cultural association
Water-management initiatives
History,
administration, meetings, events, results, photographs....
Football - Oran
This is your chance to take a week of your life
Rouiba
Tlemcen
Annaba Graduation in various fields of water sciences and techniques
Preparer les avancees technologiques de demain, au profit la societe et
l'economie
Liabes
Four Technological faculties including 23 departments
Constantine
Train students
for an islamic/ scientific education
Training staff
in a graduation and post a graduation studies - Setif
Institutions & Organizations
Tlemcen
Participate actively in the exchanges of information inside the country as
outside....
Post graduation
specialized in taxation and customs Research, Resources & Projects
Gathers scientific and technical matter
A
Universal, luni-solar, semi-centennial calendar model with the week of
...six days! Le site
President de la Republique
Un
lieu de publication de documents historiques, d'archives, et de temoignages
sur l'Algerie
Human Rights, Politics & Political Parties....
News, reports,
urgent action. Latest annual report....
Human rights
developments & report
Dealing with social & cultural problems
To build a
modern Algerian state
Le combat contre
l'integrisme et son aile armee le terrorisme
Parti politique,
biographie du Dr Said Sadi Related Sites, Articles....
Weekly sport
newspaper
Daily newspaper
La
revolution par le peuple et pour le peuple
Daily newspaper
Le qoutidien
independant
Daily newspaper
Le premier
magazine en ligne du peuple kabyle
L'autre regard sur l'info....
Qoutidien nationale d'information
Edition nationale d'information
Qoutidien independant
Le droit de
savoir, le devoir d'informer OnLine News, Newsletters, News agencies....
Agence de presse
privee specialisee en information economiques et sociales
News, focus, profiles, archives, politics, business....
News, week in
review, business, magazine....
Online news,
economy, sport, culture, family....
Radio, TV, Internet....
Music, news and entertainment
Live TV....
Articles, Reports, Cartoons....
Archives,
articles and news from different sources
In
charge of public purses, community territorial and publicly-owned
establishments
Philatelie,
news....
Aiming at the reduction of the social fracture and a right distribution of
the wealth
La Poste
Statistical tables in social and economical topics.
Official portal
of the Ministry of Health, Population and Hospital Reformation
A directory of
Algerian experts and competencies in all scientific and technical domains
To evaluate and
study all questions relating to the economic and social development....
The promotion
and development of real estate market
Algeria,
economy, institutions, consular affairs, media, relations....
The information
provided will help you get better acquainted with Algeria
Algeria info, its foreign policy and its activities....
Corporations, Organizations, Industrial Entities and Public Hospitals
The
Industrialized Steel Structure Constructions Company
Responsable for the Internet domaine name space
ENOR - Algerian Jointed Stock Company
Electrical energy production and gas production Centers, Institutions, Societies....
Une institution
administrative autonome....
To study better
the problems of aridity and desertification....
Association des Sciences et d'Astronomie Foreign Entities
Le Programme des
Nations Unies pour le developpement
Reports on
conditions for refugees and internally displaced persons
Schedules,
agencies, reservation, FAQ....
Travel, Tours, Guides.... More country info
Travel and
tourism
Adventures in
the desert
Welcome to the
world of tourism and trips
Hotels, Resorts, Inns, Hostels....
Alger, Cheraga
Located at Boumerdes
Located on a
peninsula, in the district of Staoueli, Algiers
Health & Travel Tips
Weather....
Info, gateway
& media....
Algerian related
sites
Gateway....
Gateway....
Algerian music
web directory....
Gateway, search,
chat, services....
Directory and Guides For personal pages, private companies & entities, un-categorized and
other sites, please visit
Free For All, Add URL or View Algeria
Links Page
Recommended reading:
Inside
Algeria
By Michael von Graffenried (Photographer), Mary-Jane Deeb
(Introduction)
A dramatic and original view of daily life in a society
wracked by civil war
For comments, reports of deadlinks and adding your URL
Created 1 November 2000. Last updated 14 February 2006
Names, pictures and logos are the copyright of their respective
owners.
(C)Copyright 2000-2006 Mazen Hejleh. All rights reserved.
for
Algeria products: Stamps, collectables, etc....